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In this article, Ms Yihang Chen with her supervisor, Prof Lihong Zhou, reports on her MA in Library Science study aimed to identify user requirements of library research support services (RSS) at the universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China. This study adopted an inductive qualitative approach, employed as a case study and 14 TCM researchers and academic librarians using semi-structured interviews. The research findings point to 28 RSS requirements in five main themes: mastering, planning, project, publication and electronic preservation stages. Although this research is situated in China, it has implications for libraries worldwide in supporting research into holistic and indigenous medicine. F.J.

Missing data are a major complication in longitudinal data analysis. Weighted generalized estimating equations (WGEEs, Robins et al, J Am Stat Assoc 1995;90:106-121) were developed to deal with missing response data. They have been extended for data with both missing responses and missing covariates (Chen et al, J Am Stat Assoc 2010;105:336-353). However, it may introduce more variability in dealing with the correlation structure of the responses. We propose new WGEEs for missing at random data where both response and (time-dependent) covariates may have values missing in nonmonotone missing data patterns. We also explain how to improve the estimation efficiency of WGEEs using a unified approach (Zhao and Liu, AStA Adv Stat Anal 2021;105(1):87-101). The proposed unified estimator is consistent and more efficient than the regular WGEE estimator. It is computationally simple and can be directly implemented in standard software. Simulation studies for both continuous response and binary response data are provided to examine the performance of the proposed estimators. A clinical trial example investigating the quality of life of women with early-stage breast cancer and the associated factors is analyzed.

The basic goal of threshold group testing is to identify up to $d$ defective items among a population of $n$ items, where $d$ is usually much smaller than $n$. The outcome of a test on a subset of items is positive if the subset has at least $u$ defective items, negative if it has up to $\ell$ defective items, where $0\leq\ell0$, i.e., threshold group testing with a gap. Note that the results presented here are also applicable to the case $g = 0$; however, the results are not as efficient as those in related work. Currently, a few reported studies have investigated test designs and decoding algorithms for identifying defective items. Most of the previous studies have not been feasible because there are numerous constraints on their problem settings or the decoding complexities of their proposed schemes are relatively large. Therefore, it is compulsory to reduce the number of tests as well as the decoding complexity, i.e., the time for identifying the defective items, for achieving practical schemes. The work presented here makes five contributions. The first is a more accurate theorem for a non-adaptive algorithm for threshold group testing proposed by Chen and Fu. The second is an improvement in the construction of disjunct matrices, which are the main tools for tackling (threshold) group testing and other tasks such as constructing cover-free families or learning hidden graphs. The third and fourth contributions are a reduced exact upper bound on the number of tests and a reduced asymptotic bound on the decoding time for identifying defective items in a noisy setting on test outcomes. The fifth contribution is a simulation on the number of tests of the resulting improvements for previous work and the proposed theorems., Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures

Departing from Jane Suzanne Carroll’s contention that “Landscapes are at once geographical and historical, natural and cultural, experienced and represented, and present a spatial interface between human culture and physical terrain” (2), this article draws on game studies (Aarseth; Sicart; Yee; Isbister) and on discussions of game design (Schell; Chen; Sahlin) to analyse the landscape and avatar design of “Journey” and “Unravel”. Developing the term “semiotic register” as an analytical lens, the article seeks to pin-point the means by which the two games move the player to adopt distinctly different attitudes and relationships to the games’ natural scenes. The article starts by positioning the study in relation to previous ecocritical analyses of games (Backe; Bianchi; Bohunicky; Chang; Lehner; Parham) and by discussing some aspects of indirect player management before analysing and comparing the two games in more detail., Alejándose de la afirmación de Suzanne Carroll de que “Los paisajes son al mismo tiempo geográficos e históricos, naturales y culturales, experimentados y representados, y presentan una interfaz espacial entre la cultura humana y el terreno físico” (2), este artículo se basa en los estudios sobre videojuegos (Aarseth; Sicart; Yee; Isbister) y en los debates sobre el diseño de videojuegos (Schell; Chen; Sahlin) para anlizar el diseño de los paisajes y de los avatares de “Journey” y “Unravel”. Desarrollando el término “registro semiótico” como lente analítica, el artículo busca precisar los medios por los que ambos juegos llevan al jugador a adoptar actitudes y relaciones con las escenas naturales de los juegos claramente diferentes. El artículo comienza posicionando el estudio en relación con análisis ecocríticos ya existentes de juegos (Backe; Bianchi; Bohunicky; Chang; Lehner; Parham) y discutiendo algunos aspectos de la gestión indirecta del jugador antes de analizar y comparar los dos juegos en más detalle.

In this article, we obtain improved Chen-Ricci inequalities for submanifolds of generalized space forms with quarter-symmetric metric connection, with the help of which we completely characterized the Lagrangian submanifold in generalized complex space form and a Legendrian submanifold in a generalized Sasakian space form. We also discuss some geometric applications of the obtained results.

Chen et al. Omega 41:621–625, 2013 propose a DEA model which measures the super-efficiency with directional distance function. Their model avoids the infeasibility when the inputs have zero and it also prevents the negative projection. However, their model might be infeasible when there is zero in the outputs. Besides, their model relies on complex predetermined parameters. Recently, Lin and Chen (Lin and Chen Journal of the Operational Research Society 66:1506–1510, 2015) propose a new model which prevents infeasibility and negative projection. However, Lin and Chen’s method introduces a constant which might dominate the input of the target DMU. To overcome the drawbacks of the models proposed in Chen et al. Omega 41:621–625, 2013 and Lin and Chen Journal of the Operational Research Society 66:1506–1510, 2015, we will develop a new DEA model to compute the super-efficiency, which prevents negative projection and the infeasibility when zero data occurs and works in the same way as the N-L model (Ray, Ray Journal of the Operational Research Society 59:788–797, 2008) when no abnormal input occurs.

In this article, the collective variable method to study two types of the Chen–Lee–Liu (CLL) equations, is employed. The CLL equation, which is also the second member of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations, is known to have vast applications in optical fibers, in particular. More specifically, a consideration to the classical Chen–Lee–Liu (CCLL) and the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu (PCLL) equations, is made. Certain graphical illustrations of the simulated numerical results that depict the pulse interactions in terms of the soliton parameters are provided. Also, the influential parameters in each model that characterize the evolution of pulse propagation in the media, are identified.

Many Chinese historians and politicians consider the Zheng He expeditions as voyages meant to establish peaceful relations with foreign countries. Although, in contrast with European overseas expansion, it was not in the interest of the Chinese emperor and his government to colonialize foreign countries, this does not mean that relations were peaceful. Subordination of neighbouring countries to the Ming court and their acceptance of Ming China’s claim to cultural, ideological and political superiority in the macro region—the implementation of a “pax Ming” in other words—was fully intended. The present article discusses Zheng He’s and the Ming court’s dealing with Chen Zuyi 陳祖義, an “inconvenient” local (“pirate”) leader of Chinese origins dominating parts of the Malacca/Melaka Straits, the use of violence in the implementation of official Ming goals and the ideological transfiguration and (re)interpretation of the Ming court’s own interests in Chinese historical sources.

By examining the career of a contingent of action-prone mid-level military officers and diplomats, this article aims to explore how opportunism functioned in foreign affairs during the last decades of the Former Han dynasty (202 BCE–9 CE). To safeguard and advance the empire’s interests, especially in Central Asia, these characters would carry out their missions with expediency, usually by the means of assassination and surprise attacks, and sometimes without formal authorization. Yet their successful operations always earned, if retrospectively, the endorsement of the imperial court, which in turn encouraged further ventures. The investigation of the front-line opportunists and their patrons presents a lively picture of the politics and political culture of the time.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência dos familiares empreendedores e dos constructos comportamentais sustentáveis e inovadores na intenção empreendedora dos estudantes universitários. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, desenvolvida com 285 estudantes de uma Universidade Pública. Foram adotadas as bases teóricas-metodológicas de Liñán e Chen (2009), para a intenção empreendedora e familiares empreendedoras; Gonçalves-Dias et al. (2009), relacionada ao comportamento sustentável; e Foxall e Hackett (1992), referente ao comportamento inovador. Com base na análise fatorial, na regressão logística e nas árvores de classificação e regressão (CART), os resultados constatam: (i) há uma influência dos familiares empreendedores na intenção empreendedora dos estudantes universitários; (ii) há uma influência do comportamento sustentável na intenção empreendedora dos estudantes universitários; e (iii) há uma influência do comportamento inovador na intenção empreendedora dos estudantes universitários. Os resultados buscam contribuir com a literatura empírica e conceitual sobre a inovação e a sustentabilidade no contexto do empreendedorismo.

In this paper, two 8-point multiplication-free DCT approximations based on the Chen's factorization are proposed and their fast algorithms are also derived. Both transformations are assessed in terms of computational cost, error energy, and coding gain. Experiments with a JPEG-like image compression scheme are performed and results are compared with competing methods. The proposed low-complexity transforms are scaled according to Jridi-Alfalou-Meher algorithm to effect 16- and 32-point approximations. The new sets of transformations are embedded into an HEVC reference software to provide a fully HEVC-compliant video coding scheme. We show that approximate transforms can outperform traditional transforms and state-of-the-art methods at a very low complexity cost., 19 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables

Objective. This study aimed to provide further validity evidence for the KCES by analyzing data collected from multiple administrations of the KCES along with cognitive interviews of students in pharmacy and nursing programs to identify revisions of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale: The KCES– Revised (KCES-R). Methods. De-identified data from previous KCES administrations were used for scale evaluation. Response process validity evidence was enhanced through cognitive interviews with 20 pre-pharmacy/pharmacy students at Cedarville University. After survey revisions, the cognitive interview process was repeated with 10 University of Wyoming nursing students. Results. Based on psychometric data and cognitive interviews, the KCES was revised as follows: (1) key components of cognitive and affective empathy were retained, (2) scaling was changed to reflect necessity and empathy ability, (3) negatively-worded items were removed, and (4) instrument was changed to two parallel subscales. Conclusion. This study used data from thousands of geographically and professionally diverse samples. Based on potential problems identified in quantitative analyses, cognitive interviews with nursing and pharmacy students were conducted, and modifications to the KCES were made. Further psychometric validation is needed regarding the KCES-R.

This article reviews Testing and Assessment of Interpreting: Recent Developments in China 9789811585548

We examined and extended the applicability of Miner’s hierarchical role motivation theory in China. Previous research in China indicates that motivation to manage rises with position level and is minimally higher in for-profit than non-profit organizations (Chen et al. 1997; Ebrahimi 1999; Miner et al. 1991) To further examine the applicability of this theory in China, we conducted a replication study of these research using new data. A closer examination of data collected from managers in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) reaffirms the results obtained in previous studies. We found positive relationships between motivation to manage and performance measures. Overall, motivation to manage and its main construct Miner Sentence Completion Scale-Form H (for hierarchic) appear to be applicable in Chinese hierarchical organizations.

During World War II, thousands of Chinese soldiers were sent to India for training. Many of them deserted from the army and made a new life in India. Chen Ching Lin was one of these deserters. Foll...

The famous linguistic-savings hypothesis states that languages that grammatically separate the future from the present (like English) causally induce less future-oriented behavior than languages in which speakers can refer to the future using present tense (like German or Chinese). Chen et al., European Economic Review 120 (2019) experimentally investigate the effect of using future-oriented language on incentivized intertemporal choices and find no support for the hypothesis. We replicate Chen et al., European Economic Review 120 (2019)’s study in the German-speaking context. In our experiment with 332 subjects, we randomly refer to future payments using present or future tense and find no causal effect of language on intertemporal choice. Given the importance of replications for confidence in scientific findings, our results provide corroborating evidence that the linguistic-savings hypothesis is not empirically tenable. Eventually, the results provide a methodological contribution to the conduct of experiments.

The study aims to figure out the phonological variations of sounds elision realized by Taiwanese university students in pronouncing several English phrases. Eight native Taiwanese students were chosen to support the analysis of the study. They consisted of 8 males and 8 females from the college of humanities and literature of Chung Chen University and from the faculty of foreign languages of Asia University, Taiwan. The study used a descriptive qualitative design. According to Ary, Jacob and Sorensen (2010), qualitative researchers seek to understand a phenomenon by focusing on the total picture rather than breaking it down into variables. The goal is a holistic picture and depth of understanding rather than a numeric analysis of data. After analyzing the data, it was found that the pronunciation of the elision of initial /h/, final /t/ and final /d/ sound realized by the Taiwanese university students were varied. Some still pronounced them and some elided them.

Purpose This rejoinder aims to critique some of the perspectives in Chen’s (2018) study on hospitality and host–guest paradigm in China. Design/methodology/approach In this preliminary probe into Chen’s study, critical analysis is performed on Chen’s approaches, whereas document analysis is applied to the relevant ancient Chinese writings. Translations are the author’s own unless indicated otherwise. Findings Chen’s views are problematic and supported by patchy evidence. “Hierarchy principle” and “host-centric foundation” do not hold up. In a series of asymmetrical comparisons, Chen goes a bit too far in arguing for uniqueness. Originality/value This rejoinder presents valid critiques of Chen’s study, thus directing future research in the right direction. It is of some significance to clarify Chen’s misrepresentations and offer a truer and fuller account of Chinese hospitality, given the difficulty for international scholars to validate Chen’s views because of language barrier and cultural unfamiliarity.

Editor’s notes: This article introduces a novel architecture for local learning, namely mixture of experts (MoEs), to customize a deep neural network (DNN) that is deployed on an edge device with performance improvement and low implementation overhead. — Deming Chen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Editor’s notes: This article surveys the latest advances in neural network (NN) architectures by applying them to the task of energy-quality scaling. Results show that, while coarse scaling is possible with existing NN architectures, fine-grain scaling is needed for fog computing efforts, and further work should focus on hybrid NN architecture development. — Deming Chen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Editor’s notes: This article discusses current directions in computation-aware deep learning and describes two new challenges in the IoT era: 1) data-independent deployment of learning and 2) communication-aware distributed inference. It presents new directions to alleviate these challenges. — Deming Chen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

In this paper we propose an objective Bayesian method to analyze the accelerated degradation model based on the new Wiener process stated in Ye, Chen, and Shen (Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe., 2015, 139:...

In this paper, we introduce a new four-parameter distribution which is called Extended Exponentiated Chen (EE-C) distribution. Theoretical properties of this model including the hazard function, moments, conditional moments, mean residual life, mean past lifetime, coefficients of skewness and kurtosis, order statistics and asymptotic properties are derived and studied. The maximum likelihood estimation technique is used to estimate the parameters of this model. The estimation of the model parameters by Least squares, Weighted Least Squares, Crammer-von-Mises, Anderson-Darling and right-tailed Anderson-Darling methods are also briefly introduced and numerically investigated. Moreover, simulation schemes are derived. At the end, three applications of the model with two real data sets are presented for the illustration of the flexibility of the proposed distribution.

This paper studies an effective stepwise hypotheses testing pro- cedure in identifying dynamic relations between time series, and its close connection with popular information criteria such as AIC and BIC. This procedure, labeled M2, extends Chen and Lee's (1990) procedure to cover both the strong and weak form dynamic relations; and to be used with a guided choice of significance levels which are adapting in nature. Intu- itively, procedure M2 can be viewed as a backward-elimination approach that simplifies the all-possible pairwise comparisons approach implied by information criterion. New insights concerning identification of strong and weak form dynamic relations using these approaches are given. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to illustrate the performance of the IC and M2 approach in different settings. For applications, we study the dynamic relations between price level and interest rate in US and UK, and the robustness of the model identified is also addressed.

Many public-policy studies (Martin and Scott 2020) use randomized field experiments for drawing causal conclusions (e.g., Chen et al. 2020). A typical randomized field experiment involves a control...

RFID are small wireless devices that can be used for identification of objects and humans. With development of RFID technology and increasing the use of this technology in everyday life, the Security issues in these systems have been growing in terms of importance day by day. In 2012 Wei-Chi Ku and Yi-Han Chen Proposed a new efficient mutual authentication protocol for passive RFID that provides confidentiality, un-traceability and efficiency. This paper demonstrates that Wei-Chi Ku and Yi-Han Chen’s protocol has a serious security problem and proposes a new protocol to prevent this security problem by some changes. Furthermore, the capability of our method for improving, confidentiality, untraceability, and data integrity is discussed.

In the early twentieth century, Chinese literati painting was embroiled in arguments on the relationship between ancient and modern or east and west. Therefore, the artistic practices of Wu Changshuo, Chen Shizeng, Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong and so on, were in response to this development. However, with the occurrence of World War ii and changes in the post-war situation, literati painting underwent further, new changes in different regions. This article intends to discuss the overseas Chinese painters Chen Wen Hsi and Chung Chen Sun as examples in exploring the new development of literati painting in Singapore and Malaysia in the second half of the twentieth century. Chen Wen Hsi was born in Jieyang County, Guangdong Province in 1906. He studied at Shanghai Fine Arts College and Xinhua Art College. He went to Singapore and held an exhibition in 1948. In 1950, he taught at The Chinese High School, and the following year also began teaching Chinese ink painting at Nanyang Fine Arts College. Chung Chen Sun, a native of Mei County, Guangdong Province, was born in 1935 in Malacca, Malaysia. In 1953, he entered the Department of Art Education of Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, which was founded by Lim Hak Tai. Chung was inspired by predecessors such as Cheong Soo-pien, Chen Wen Hsi and Chen Chong-swee who had pursued the Nanyang style. In 1967, Chung founded the Malaysian Academy of Art. Their styles of painting not only incorporate the Eastern aesthetics and Western theory but also include diverse elements. Their paintings wrote a new page in the history of literati painting during the Cold War era.